Internet is now the ruling power of the world. Everything today is the internet. Even a country’s economy majorly depends upon the internet. From messages to persons, to distant planet communication, all depends upon the internet. Without the internet, the world we think will come to a halt.
Starting from a child to the death of a human, the internet plays a vital role in human life. Even the basic needs like food, cloth, and shelter of a human, can be controlled over the internet today. But how the internet makes its value, to a huge amount today? Why people are running towards the internet today? Let’s dig in.....
First and foremost, the internet is nothing but a data transfer from one place to another place. A data can be music, video, or even a message. The transfer process of data is called the internet. Internet is not an imaginary source in the world where we can access data. Rather, it is also a computer where we request data (e.g. video) to show us. Major companies hold these types of computers with huge amounts of data stored in them, to deliver it to the customers when requested, Those companies are Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Twitter, etc., These companies give us the data through a medium when we request them.
In this article, we are going to see how the internet has evolved, and how it is transferred in various ways. There are different modes of internet connections. They are,
- Dial-up connection
- ISDN
- DSL
- Cable
- Satellite
- Fiber
Dial-up connection
A dial-up connection is the first method that brought the internet to homes. It is a very old type of connection and it is almost never used anywhere. This connection is brought to the user through a phone call; which means a phone connection is required for the computer to get an internet connection. A,s both the data for the computer and the voice for the telephone are brought over the same telephone line, only one operation is carried out at one time. For example, if the user is using the internet service, no calls are carried out through the line. Only after disconnecting the internet service, the user will be able to use the call service.
The process mainly starts with a phone call. At first, a phone call is made by a specific code that indicates the Internet Service Provider (ISP) for the request of an internet connection. Upon request, the ISP provides the internet connection from the server company to the end-user computer. During the usage of data, no voice signals are transmitted over the line. The data speed transmitted over the line is only 28-56Kbps.
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Dial-up Connection |
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
This type of connection is far better than Dial-up; as the user can both speak and use the data at the same time. As this system offers more lines for talking and browsing, it is called broadband whereas, in Dial-up connection, it uses a narrowband. As there are more lines are present in DSL, it also increases the speed of data transfer. The speed of data transfer in DSL is up to 35Mbps. Based on the no of lines for data transfer, the DSL is classified into two types namely,
- Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
- Symmetric Digital line (SDSL)
As more lines are added to increase the speed of the data transfer, those lines distinguish the upload and download pathways. If there are more download ways than upload ways, then it is called as ADSL. If both the download and upload ways are equal, then it is called as SDSL. Voice is generally transmitted over these lines at the same time over the passage of data because each signal is transmitted at high different frequencies.
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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) |
ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)
This connection is similar to DSL which integrates various devices to the internet source. Different digital and analog devices are connected to the ISDN terminal from which it is routed to the internet via ISP.
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Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) |
Satellite internet connection
As from the name itself you can determine, that the internet is delivered through the satellite. It is similar to the dish antenna we are using to watch television today. The satellite is mainly used for the connection between the ISP and the user. The ISP gets the data from the source and directs it towards the satellite which is further directed towards the user. This system is mainly implemented in remote places, where it is impossible to lay internet cables.
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Satellite Internet Connection |
Cable connection
A cable connection is also similar to a dial-up connection. In a dial-up connection, the internet is delivered through a telephone line whereas, in a cable connection, the internet is delivered through the cable line, called as coaxial cable. The coaxial cable runs along from the ISP and passes through a splitter where it is separated into TV signal and computer data. The cable offers more speed than a DSL connection. It offers speeds up to 500Mbps.
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Cable Connection |
Fiber connection
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Fiber Optic cables |
The most updated connection used worldwide is the fiber optic connection. Unlike other networks, which use electrical signals, causing delays in the arrival of the signal; fiber connection uses light pulses for the data transfer. As we know, the fastest thing in the universe is light. So, when transferring the data through light, the data is made to reach at a fraction of microseconds, from one end of the world to another. The older generation of fiber optic cables, offers up to 1Gbps. These light pulses will start their journey from the client to the ISP via underwater and terrains. The ISP then directs it to the cellular towers, from which it is converted into analog signals and travels to the modem, and then to the users.
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Transfer of information (light pulses) through the optical cable |
Cellular connection
In this type of connection, the cell phone gets the internet connection via electromagnetic radiation, which means there is no physical connection between the internet and the user. These towers also provide a wired medium, by getting the light pulses from the server and forwarding them to a modem for usage. But the main purpose of the towers is to convert those light pulses into electromagnetic radiation for the use of cell phones. Electromagnetic radiation is a kind of radiation that is radiated over air wirelessly. This electromagnetic radiation is picked up by the cell phone antennas which have the corresponding antenna for picking up the signal.
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Cellular Connection |
But as the no of cell phones are increasing, the frequency ranges of the corresponding spectrum is getting crowded, due to which signals are overlapped and lots of turbulence have occurred. So to solve this problem, scientists had figured out different technologies that are introduced in various generations as 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, and upcoming 5G. The letter G describes the word Generation. Each Generation is introduced to solve the frequency problem of the users and to increase the internet data speed. Each generation is classified based on the Coding and Modulation techniques shortly called as (MCS), and the Multiple access techniques. The purpose of the modulation is to physically characteristic the wave to make it more reliable. The coding technique is used to encrypt the data and to protect the data from data loss and error. The multiple access technique is the ability to share a limited amount of frequency range to several people. But let’s see each of the generations and what are all the technologies used to develop these generations briefly in our next post.
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